The reform of defence sector is often most successful due to the universal quality of norms regarding civilmilitary relations. Dimensions, goals and priorities of securitysector reform. At a time when weak states facing endemic insecurity and violence have. The text was produced by dylan hendrickson of the conflict, security and development group at kings college london,with input from. Security sector reform ssr aims to develop a secure. Security sector governance ssg refers to the structures, processes, values and attitudes that shape decisions about security and their implementation. Dilemmas of security sector reform in the context of conflict. Acknowledging the obligation of member states to apply the principles of gender equality and.
In the reconstruction and transformation of any post war country, security sector reform ssr is key. Security sector reform must account for the overall security context and address the fundamentals as well as the specifics. Hence, the effectiveness of the security sector is typically measured in two ways. Views expressed are those of the authors and are not an endorsement by the africa center. The challenge of security sector reform in egypt arabic pdf. The books comprehensive coverage of the varied contexts within which security. Measuring security sector governance a guide to relevant indicators ursula c.
Oecd dac handbook on security sector reform international. Within the ssr paradigm, such reform was seen as an essential precondition of sustainable development and was envisaged as encompassing the entire spectrum of security institutions. Major concerns of people in conflict zones are insecurity and a lack or. The objective of this paper is to provide guidance on how best to design, develop, and deliver foreign assistance such. Security sector reform in developing and transitional countries revisited 339 improvement in the efficiency and effectiveness of governance over those institutions charged with the provision of security brzoska 2003. Security sector reform aims to help states enhance the security of their citi zens.
Roadmap title of the initiative joint communication to the european parliament and the council. These papers provide insight into pertinent peace and security issues in the region that are useful to policy makers. Current challenges and us policy the result of stimsons work is an ssr activities matrix on the six thematic areas. Concept of security sector reform filip ejdus since it emerged from the donor and academic communities in the 1990s, the concept of security sector reform ssr has been through numerous transformations. Security sector reform ssr aims to enhance security sector governance ssg through the effective and efficient delivery of security under conditions of democratic oversight and control. Security sector reform 101 centre for international governance. However, and until recently, its impact on the maritime sector has been limited. Security sector reform united nations peacekeeping. It is within this detailed, comprehensive, and often noted overlyambitious framework that guatemala has undertaken the task of reforming its security apparatus, with one of the major aims of subordinating the military to civilian authority and control jones, 2000, p. It was just 10 years ago that i made my speech on security sector reform ssr at the centre for.
These publications also provide significant contribution to the security debate and praxis in the region. Security sector reform is the transformation of the security system, which includes all of its actors, their roles, responsibilities and actions, so that it is managed and operated in a manner that is more consistent with democratic norms and sound principles of good governance, and thus contributes. The series summarizes current debates, explains key terms and exposes. State fragility, however, is primarily an issue of political legitimacy. When the concept of security sector reform ssr was introduced some 10 years ago, it aimed to offer an innovative approach to the reform of security governance. A key element is a well governed security sector, which comprises the civil, political and security institutions responsible for protecting the state and the communities within it. Security sector reform 1 security sector reform in ghana introduction and context of reform ghana has come to be considered one of the most successful examples of demilitarization and democratization, and its experiences with security sector reform have often been noted as a hopeful example and an important factor contributing to. Jobs international security sector advisory team issat. In practice, conflicting approaches and priorities among. Thus, the united states provides funds, equipment, and training to redress what appears to be a capac ity deficit. Lessons from the publication and dissemination of the oecd dac handbook on security system reform context this report. Security sector reform working group united states. The application of ssr differs from one context to the other, each with its own complications.
Security is a core aspect of the vulnerability of the poor. The future of security sector reform 16 i the origins and evolution of the ssr concept 28 1 the evolution of the security sector reform agenda nicole ball 29 2 why is ssr important. Security sector reform in palestine, lebanon, and yemen must reform the security sector even as they employ it actively in situations characterized by violent con. Traditionally, the term security sector related only to those institutions concerned with protecting a country from external aggression that is, the army, navy, and air force, and with internal instability that is, the police. Security sector reform in ukraine rand corporation. The reform of the security sector will be a part of the national reconciliation process. Security sector reform international peace institute. Security sector reform ssr remains a relatively new and evolving concept, one that brings together practitioners and academics from many different backgrounds. It makes the case that security sector reform ssr must be a fundamental component in zimbabwes stabilisation and reconstruction, and suggests ways forward to achieve this. Security sector reform ssr is a holistic approach to nation building that focuses on building strong police, military, and justice systems that adhere to the rule of law and have a firm. Byrd 301 19 the role of the private sector in security sector reform alex martin and peter wilson 314 20 scaling the hurdle or muddling through coordination and sequencing implementation of security sector reform. Ssr offers a framework for conceptualising which actors and factors are relevant to security in a given environment as well as methodology for optimising the use of available security.
Security sector reform and postconflict peacebuilding. The purpose of the handbook is to ensure that donor support to ssr programmes is both effective and sustainable. Challenges of security sector governance in west africa provides a useful mapping of the achievements and areas of improvement in security governance processes in the subregion, and also provides entry points for nationally driven security sector reform processes. Pdf how to apply the security sector reform of south. Security sector reform potentials and challenges for conflict. It requires strong leadership, vision and guidance for a process, which ought to be inclusive, participatory and holistic, to better address the justice and security needs of all gambians. Jan 25, 2017 the purpose of the handbook is to ensure that donor support to ssr programmes is both effective and sustainable. The security sector reform debate is still in its embryonic stage. To be durable and effective, security sector reform must address sensitive and often contentious questions, including what the most critical security needs are, what the security sector should be to best meet those needs, and how to get there. Security sector reform ssr aims at improving safety through enhancing the effectiveness and accountability of security institutions controlled by civilians and operating according to. Alan bryden, boubacar ndiaye and funmi olonisakin eds. Transitional justice, ddr, and security sector reform. No issue is more important than security sector reform in determining the democratic republic of the congos prospects for peace and development. Security sector governance and justice indicators guide 1 introduction the united states agency for international development usaid has extensive experience in implementing security sector reform ssr programming.
Security sector reform, democratic transition, and social. Africa and the challenges of security sector reform gsdrc. Security sector reform ssr represents an important recognition of the. The concepts of security sector governance and reform ssgr, or ssg and ssr generally refer to a process in westernbased international development and democratization to amend the security sector of a state towards good governance and its principles, such as freedom of information and the rule of law. However, it has already come to occupy a central place on the agenda of institutions active in the fields of development, conflict transformation and peacebuilding.
In fact, in many countries ssr is an element of state building, reduces concrete security risks for the population, and should always also contribute to democratic security governance within society. Lessons from the mainstream timothy edmunds, university of bristol summary security sector reform ssr has become an important component of international peacebuilding, stabilisation and democratisation efforts since 2000. Unprofessional, inefficient and unaccountable security institutions threaten human rights, democratic politics and the achievement of poverty reduction goals. A legitimacy chain approach to security sector reform. Security sector reform ssr united nations and the rule. Measuring security sector governance a guide to relevant. Security sector reform in kenya bicc bonn international. Security sector reform in africa introduction the concept of security sector reform ssr has only been in currency for some 10 years.
Security sector reform 1 security sector reform in kenya overall context of reform the kenyan presidential and parliamentary elections of december 2002, which were widely perceived as free and fair, ended the 24year rule of daniel arap moi. In this policy, africa, the african continent, the continent or. The security sector reform ssr working group convenes public meetings to discuss critical issues related to the reform of police and military forces and their supervising institutions in conflictaffected countries. Byrd 301 19 the role of the private sector in security sector reform alex martin and peter wilson 314 20 scaling the hurdle or muddling through coordination and sequencing implementation of security sector reform in africa. Launch of the security sector reform process in the gambia. Security sector reform ssr is often wrongly reduced to functional capacity building in the security forces. The development of a professional gendarmerie and police is essential to build sustainable peace and security in the country. Security sector reform and postconflict reconstruction.
Insecurity through security sector reform the political studies. Security sector reform ssr aims at improving safety through enhancing the effectiveness and accountability of security institutions. Security sector reform in the central african republic. The case for security sector reform in zimbabwe ii this paper is intended to stimulate a discourse on the security sector and its reform in zimbabwe. Finalized as an excel document, it cross references over 900 ssr activities with 200 key source documents drawn from a collection of more than 500. Security sector reform is a relatively new concept, originally introduced by development donors.
Securitysector reform in developing countries herbert wulf. Supporting security and justice provides guidance to operationalise the 2005 guidance on security system reform and governance and close the gap between policy and practice. The concept of security sector reform united nations. For instance, in cases facing severe problems of insecurity, extra weight may be accorded to the security. Reducing the size, budget and scope of activity of the security sector and reforming it. Nine ways to move from policy to implementation february 2012 introduction much has been written about securitysector reform ssr policy, either from the perspective of the principles, good practice, and definitions that define the scope of ssr,1 or from the specific policy orientation in a given country. Usaid security sector governance and justice indicators guide. It refers to a host of reform interventions related to the reform of sections of the public sector engaged in the provision of both internal and external security. View security sector reform research papers on academia.
Ssr refers to reform efforts directed at the institutions, processes, and forces that provide security and promote the rule of law. A curated list of mustread analyses on police sector reform. Security sector reform ssr has become a prominent policy instrument to prevent states from collapsing, relapsing into civil war, and in securing the lives and livelihoods of a states citizens. Elements for an euwide strategic framework for supporting security sector reform ssr lead dg responsible unit ap number eeas. The united nations assists member states to undertake security sector reform with a view to achieving effective and accountable security for the state and its citizens, without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of. Past security assistance programmes were often illconceived and poorly implemented and resulted in outcomes that were not supportive of either citizen security or development goals. The connection between security, development and good governance the ideas contained herein are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ieee, which has sponsored their publication. The au policy framework on security sector reform ssr, was developed in fulfillment of a january 2008 assembly decision, and in line with the postconflict reconstruction and development pcrd policy adopted by the executive council in june 2006. Resources need to be managed efficiently to allow the provision of security that.
Objectives of security sector reform background for facilitator this section introduces the concept of security sector reform. For the purposes of security sector reform, african union includes the assembly, the peace and security council, the au commission and all other relevant organs of the african union. Security sector reform 2 security sector reform in the euroatlantic region. The oecd dac handbook on security system reform ssr.
The challenge of security sector reform in egypt omar ashour monday, november 19, 2012. Security sector reform ssr united nations and the rule of law. Understanding and supporting security sector reform. Reform or transformation of the security sector is a growing focus of international assistance. Aimed at fostering both effective and legitimate provision of security in states emerging. History department, university of zimbabwe introduction security sector reform ssr is a concept that gained currency as a development agenda in the aftermath of the cold war. Security sector reform ssr has assumed increased importance in recent years as.
The concept of security sector reform also gains a political acceptance in a large number of east european and postsoviet states, which undertake efforts towards establishing. Security sector reform ssr purpose this document provides department of state, dod, and usaid practitioners with guidelines for coordinating, planning, and implementing ssr programs with foreign partner nations. The political climate accompanying the change in leadership raised considerable hopes. Security sector reform ssr refers to the process of transforming the security sector those institutions that safeguard a country and its citizens from security threats to ensure the provision of effective security to both the state and its people within a framework of accountability and democratic governance. Federal republic of somalia somalia security and justice. Security sector reform in developing and transitional. Security sector reform applying the principles of good governance to the security sector about this series the ssr backgrounders provide concise introductions to topics and concepts in good security sector governance ssg and security sector reform ssr. We recommend in the short term the creation of an ad hoc board to coordinate foreign defense assistance as part of the nsdc. Security sector reform development in somalia, explores the dynamics of security sector formation in somalia. Police sector reform security topics africa center for. In practice this means understanding drivers of insecurity at local, national and regional levels, supporting security and justice sector reform programmes.
Security sector reform is eminently a political process, which requires a strong and proactive engagement of the highest state authorities. Introduction 1 security sector reform ssr has become a cornerstone of international development, postconflict peacebuilding and statebuilding initiatives. This chapter therefore suggests that security sector reconstruction is conceptualised as a variation of the theme or a specific context of security sector reform, which has be. The security sector reform unit within the united nations department of peacekeeping operations provided invaluable support and guidance through its partnership with the world bank on security sector public financial management. The security sector in particular can make an effective contribution to the protection of people and. Introduction to security sector reform what is security sector reform. Security sector reform, sometimes also called security systems reform, has become a. There has been a shift in thinking from donor countries, international financial institutions and development agencies towards security.
237 883 239 898 1057 1575 363 1565 1423 912 1236 108 473 225 565 99 1466 296 1043 34 342 465 269 1279 982 1632 240 1396 751 358 1479 1538 1214 1026 475 1581 628 451 400 1008 1059 837 1152 541 1091 1172 350 1249 1265